什么是hiv相关痴呆?

艾滋病毒/艾滋病 affects many of the body's organ systems, including the brain and nervous system. Most people don't know that the HIV infection actually makes its way to the brain early in the disease process. HIV encephalopathy is an infection that spreads throughout the brain. It is one cause of dementia in people infected with HIV. The greater the spread of infection in the brain, the worse the dementia symptoms become.

AIDS dementia is also called AIDS dementia complex or HIV-associated dementia. It is a serious consequence of HIV infection and is typically seen in advanced stages of the disease.

是什么导致hiv相关痴呆?

当艾滋病毒扩散到大脑时, it results in encephalopathy (a disease which affects the brain's function), 会导致痴呆. The greater the spread of infection in the brain, the worse the dementia symptoms become.

hiv相关痴呆的症状是什么?

The following symptoms are among those seen with HIV-associated dementia:

• Encephalitis, a condition in which the membranes of the brain and spinal column swell

• 记忆丧失

• Reduced ability to think clearly, a condition called cognitive impairment

• 难以集中注意力或保持专注

• 难以清晰或准确地说话

• Apathy or lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities

• 运动能力逐渐丧失，或协调性下降

The symptoms of HIV-associated dementia may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your health care provider for a diagnosis.

如何诊断艾滋病毒相关痴呆?

Examination and evaluation are essential in determining the presence and extent of the dementia. In addition to a complete medical history and extensive neurological motor and sensory exam, diagnostic procedures for dementia may include the following:

• 精神状态测验. This is a brief and simple test of memory and some other common cognitive or thinking skills; it is usually part of a complete neurological exam.

• 神经心理测试.

• 体能或运动的基本测试.

• 磁共振成像(MRI). A diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, 射频, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.

• 计算机断层扫描(也称为CT或CAT扫描). A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce horizontal, 或轴向, 身体的图像(通常称为切片). A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, 包括骨头, 肌肉, 脂肪, 和器官. CT扫描比普通的x光扫描更详细.

• 血液测试.

• 脊髓液检查. A procedure performed by inserting a hollow needle into the lower back (lumbar spine).

如何治疗艾滋病毒相关痴呆?

Specific treatment for HIV-associated dementia will be determined by your health care provider based on the following:

• 问题的严重程度
• 你的年龄，整体健康状况和病史
• Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• 对紊乱过程的预期
• The opinion of the health care providers involved in your care
• 你的意见和偏好

治疗通常包括:

• 抗逆转录病毒疗法. This is aggressive medical treatment aimed at reducing the amount of AIDS virus in the body. 它还可以帮助缓解痴呆症状.
• 药物或酒精滥用咨询. People with HIV who abuse drugs or alcohol can have more severe dementia symptoms.
• 处方药. In addition to other medications you take for AIDS symptoms, your health care provider may recommend 抗抑郁药, 抗精神病药物, 或兴奋剂. Deciding which one will be prescribed will depend on what may be causing your dementia.
• 生活方式的改变. Regular exercise and a structured routine will help to manage HIV-associated dementia. Writing lists can help you stay organized and remember important details. A neurologist may recommend working with a special therapist who can help you learn to better manage daily life.
• 应对策略. If dementia symptoms become severe, you may need help at home. 熟练的护理人员可以提供这项服务.

艾滋病相关痴呆的并发症有哪些?

The gradual loss of mental clarity and physical coordination can seriously reduce quality of life. 如果不进行治疗，艾滋病毒相关的痴呆可能是致命的.

艾滋病相关痴呆可以预防吗?

People who are using highly active antiretroviral therapy, 称为HAART, 更不容易患上艾滋病相关痴呆. Experts think this may be because these drugs help maintain the overall immune system. 一种较轻微的认知障碍, 被称为hiv相关神经认知障碍, 或手, 仍有可能发生, 虽然.

患有艾滋病毒相关痴呆?

Depending on your level of dementia, various therapies may be required. 艾滋病相关痴呆是一种进行性疾病, 这意味着情况会继续恶化, and the amount of care needed to manage the disease will increase over time.

我应该什么时候给我的医疗服务提供者打电话?

如果你注意到你说话能力的变化, 焦点, 也不能全神贯注, 和你的医疗保健提供者谈谈. 这些症状在其他疾病中很常见, 包括其他感染, 抑郁症, 以及营养缺乏. Unusual shifts in mood or emotions and changes in social behavior also require a conversation with a health care provider. Best results are achieved with early diagnosis and treatment.

要点

• HIV-associated dementia occurs when the HIV virus spreads to the brain.
• Symptoms of HIV-associated dementia include loss of memory, 困难思维, 集中, 或者说得清楚些, lack of interest in activities and gradual loss of motor skills.
• Medications for treating HIV-associated dementia include antiretrovirals, 抗抑郁药, 抗精神病药物, 或兴奋剂.
• People with HIV who abuse drugs or alcohol can have more severe dementia symptoms.
• Your health care provider may suggest lifestyle changes and coping strategies that can help you manage dementia.

下一个步骤

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your health care provider:

• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
• 参观时, 写下新药的名字, 治疗, 或测试, 以及医生给你的任何新指示.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.